Role of CSR Activities in Reduction of Poverty in Visakhapatnam: A Social Work Perspective

Dr. Mutluri Abraham¹, Prof. A.B.S.V. Ranga Rao²

¹Post Doctoral Fellow – ICSSR, Department of Social Work, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam,

Andhra Pradesh, India

²Professor, Department of Social Work, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

*Corresponding Author E-mail:

ABSTRACT:

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a commitment of the corporate companies to improve the community well-being through flexible business practices and social service activities. As we know that the companies take the land, water, environment, and roads at free of cost and utilise human resources from the surrounding areas to make their products and increase their profits. Companies should feel responsible, when they are utilising the nature, environment, to give back to the society from their profits. Some of the companies are decided voluntarily and contributing for a betterment of a society. But some of the companies are not contributing for the welfare of people and planet. In this background Government of India brought section 135 in new companies’ act 2013 and mentioned that the following companies should spend at least 2 per cent of their net profit for social responsibility. The companies are (a) net worth of the company to be Rs. 500 crore or more; (b) turnover of the company to be Rs 1000 crore or more; (c) net profit of the company to be Rs 5 crore or more. This section is not only for Indian companies, but it is also applicable to branches and project offices of foreign companies in India.

This article is based on the review of secondary data. The researcher selected 10 companies of Visakhapatnam by purposive sampling method and collected CSR activities done by companies through their websites and their annual reports. The 10 companies are Coromondal, Aurabindo, Divis Laboratory, Hindustan Shipyard, HPCL, NTPC, Steel Plant, Visakha Dairy and Visakha Port Trust. The study found that most of the companies are focusing on the health, education, skill development and environment through the different activities. Companies are conducting the health camps and developing the infrastructure in the surrounding villages. About 70 per cent of the companies are implementing their activities with their own teams and foundations and remaining companies are donating the fund to the local organizations and government institutions. It is observed that 40 per cent of the companies, no CSR policy. The study suggested that the companies should conduct the research in the surrounding areas and they have to identify the problems of the people. The companies focus on deprived communities like SC, ST population, disabled population and women. The study suggested that the companies implement the activities for the sustainable development of the society. The companies provide more safety measures to the employees, stakeholders working in their companies and provide the quality products through the corporate social responsibility. Companies shall ecruit the social wok students to implement the CSR activities because social work students are trianed in many social problems and social work methods.

KEYWORDS: Social Responsibility, Sustainability Development, Safety, Quality Products.

INTRODUCTION:

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a commitment of companies to improve community well-being through flexible business practices and contributions of company resources for welfare of the society. According to New Companies’ Act 2013, Section 135 the following companies should spend at least 2 per cent from their netprofit under social responsibility. The act clearly mentioned that the following companies should implement the CSR (a) net worth of the company to be Rs 500 crore or more; (b) turnover of the company to be Rs 1000 crore or more; (c) net profit of the company to be Rs 5 crore or more. As per the Rules, CSR is not only applicable to Indian companies, but also applicable to branch and project offices of foreign companies in India.

The companies, under CSR works with the different people associated with the company and its development. As per the new companies’ registration act 2013, there is no area restriction to implement the welfare activities. Based on the interest of CSR committee, the company may do the CSR activities in any place of India. But many companies give the priority to spend the money in the local areas to get the moral support from the local communities. As per latest figures companies are spending between 1 to 2 percent for CSR activity e.g. TCS (1.60%), CoalIndia (1.65%), SBI (1.64%), Infosys (1.74%), ONGC (0.49%), Reliance (1.91%) etc. (Krishna Kant, M Saraswathy, 2013).

OBJECTIVES OF CSR:

CSR in India still remains within the philanthropic space, but has moved from institutional building (educational, research and cultural) to community development through various projects. The CSR Objectives of the company are intended to serve the larger goal of inclusive growth and sustainable development in the communities around and beyond.

1. Customer care and satisfaction

2. Creating mutual value for the company and the stakeholders of the CSR projects.

3. Sensitize and involve the employees of the company and their families to the concepts and approaches to CSR.

4. Ensure good and safe working conditions

5. Responsibility for the environment

6. Active participation in community life

7. Maintaining regular network with other companies, ministries departments etc., to keep updated with latest developments in CSR domain.

8. Continuous monitoring of the implementation of CSR projects.

9. Carry out Impact survey after implementation of larger projects and use the results for scalability / replication of the same including improvements in future projects.

The below table presents the information about the top 300 companies spent their CSR money in 10 States are listed in Bombay Stock Exchnage (State-wise list)

Table: 1 CSR Funds Spent in 10 States

State	% in Countries total CSR	Spent (INR Cr.)
Maharashtra	16.5	1134
Gujarat	6.9	474
Odisha	6.2	427
Karnataka	5.94	406
Tamila Nadu	4.1	294
Andhra Padesh	4.1	282
Delhi	3.8	279
West bengal	3.5	240
Jharkan	3.4	231
FY 2016 -17, data till 26^th Aug 2017

Source: Bombay Stock Exchange

The data in the above table revealed that many companies do the CSR activities in Maharashtra and Gujarat. It is reported that 1134 crores was spent under CSR in Maharashtra.

The below table is presents the information about the companies work with the below people under the concept of CSR. The company should give the priority to their own workers/employees to give benefits under CSR.

Table 2 Different Stakeholders of Corporate Companies under Social Responsibility

Employees	Staff of different stages in the company and their family members
Customers	People who buy the products of a company
Suppliers and business partners	People who provide the raw material for the company and business partners helps to spread the business production information in other areas
Labour unions	Organizations formed by the workers from related fields that work for the common interest of its members
Local communities	The surrounding villages / slums
Non-governmental organizations	Companies support NGOs under CSR to do some more social service activities in the surrounding communities through NGOs
Government	Companies are also work with the Government Welfare Departments and provide funds to organize welfare programmes

Ex: Fair and lovely Foundations provides Scholarships for the women candidate belogs to 20-30 years age group. It may be two way benefited programme i.e CSR and also advertisement for their products. The age group 20-30 years uses fair and lovey. So they are providing the scholorships for this age group only. Another example is that the companies sell their CSR activities to increase publicity for their busineess. Ex: ICICI Bank gives the Advirtisement in the movie thatres about their CSR activities. It increases the positive concern among the people and joins as customers in their company.

History of CSR Activities:

The History of corporate social responsibility in India has positive impact on the communities, cultures, societies and environments. But CSR practices are regularly not practiced or done only in namesake especially by MNCs with no cultural and emotional attachments to India. Much has been done in recent years to make Indian Entrepreneurs aware of social responsibility as an important segment of their business activity but CSR in India has yet to receive widespread recognition. The history of CSR in India has its four phases which run parallel to India historical development and has resulted in different approaches towards CSR. However the phases are not static and the features of each phase may overlap other phases.

Poverty:

Poverty means general scarcity, shortage, or lacks a certain amount or material possessions or money for running their daily life. It is a multifaceted concept, which includes social, economic, and political elements. Baratz and Grigsby defined poverty as a severe lack of physical and mental well-being, closely associated with inadequate economic resources and consumption (Baratz and Grigsby 1971). It covers not only lend of income and consumption and also health and education, vulnerability and risk, and marginalization and exclusion of the poor from the mainstream society. In popular understanding poverty is defined with lowness of income which prevents a family from obtaining and enjoying the basic necessities of life including a minimum food, clothing, shelter and water.

Poverty line in India:

One of the every three persons in India is officially poor and two of three are under-nourished or mal-nourished. The poverty line in India is defined with reference to consumer expenditure surveys by the NSSO. The surveys divide the rural and urban population into different expenditure groups. This means 29.5% of the India population lives below the poverty line as defined by Rangarajan committee. Those spending over Rs 32 a day in rural areas and Rs 47 in towns and cities should not be considered poor, said by C Rangarajan in his report on Poverty Line.

Human Poverty Index:

The Human Poverty Index (HPI) was an indication of the standard of living in a country, developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to complement the Human Development Index. The UNDP submitted HDI first report in 1997. It depends on healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living." In their annual report of 2014, Reserve Bank of India stated that the highest poverty states are chattisgarh 39.93, Jharkhand 36.96 and Manipur is 36.87. The report stated the poverty index of Andhra Pradesh is 9.20. Goa has the least poverty of 5.09%. India ranked 135 in a list of 187 countries in Human Development Report which released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Tokyo on July 24, 2014.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Dr. Bhupesh Lohar and Sanjay Jain (2015) conducted a study on a Study of Corporate Social Responsibility Expenditures of the Indian Companies (With Special Reference to Companies Act 2013) in Gujarath. The main aim of the study is to study the corporate social responsibility expenditure of selected Indian Companies. The study revealed that the CSR expenditure as a percentage of Profit after tax of the Indian Companies is not equal to 2 %. Further there is no significant difference in the CSR expenditure of Public Sector Companies andPrivate Sector Companies.

Dr. Arobindo Mahato (2016) conducted a study on corporate social responsibility towards Rural Development by the Commercial Banks. It is found that few banks have been taken CSR initiatives through some vocational training institute. These training institutes are started with an objective to set up and imparting skill and entrepreneurship development of the rural people. The CSR initiatives being implemented by the commercial banks through foundation or in partnership with NGOs for rural development have a positive impact in overall development of society and their business.

Description of the background:

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

As we know that the companies take the land, water, environment, and roads at free of cost and utilise human resources from the surrounding areas to make their products and increase their profits. Companies should feel responsible, when they are utilising the nature, environment, to give back to the society from their profits. Some of the companies are decided voluntarily and contributing for a betterment of a society. But some of the companies are not contributing for the welfare of people and planet.

Government of India brought legislation in 2013 through the new companies registration act. In this act section 135 is stated that the companies should spend at leaset 2 per cent from their net profit under social responsibility. It is observed in the past studies, previously that the contribution of Indian companies under corporate social responsibility is very less. The activities are routine and not planning the sustainable approach. They have the target based approach. It is observed that after 2013 companies act many companies started their own foundations to implement the CSR activities. But still the problems of hunger, ignorance, ill health, high mortality and illiteracy, unemployment are very high in rural areas and also in urban areas. It in this context the present study is undertaken to find out type of CSR activities of the selected companies in Visakhapatnam.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

· To study the CSR activities of selected companies in Visakhapatnam

· To study the poverty elimination activities of CSR companies

· To examine the Social Work perspective in CSR activities in Visakhapatnam

· To provide the suggestions for effective implementation of CSR Activities

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Visakhapatnam is one of the big cities in Andhra Pradesh. Government of Andhra Pradesh is focussing to change Visakhapatnam city as economical capital of the state. There are many international and national companies are doing business in Visakhapatnam city. The study selected 10 familiar companies in Visakhapatnam through purposive sampling method. The companies selected for this research study are 1) Steel Plant (RINL), 2) Visakha Dairy, 3) HPCL, 4) Hindusthan Shipyard, 5) Visakha Port Trust, 6) Miracle Software Systems, 7) Coromondal Fertilisers, 8) Aurabindo Pharmaceuticals, 9) NTPC Initiatives and 10) HSBC Bank. The researcher collected the CSR activities data through websites and annual reports of the company. Then company wise CSR welfare activities were listed and analysed through MS Excel.

CSR Activities of the selected companies:

1. Divis Laboratories Ltd.:

Divis laboratory is established in 2002 in Visakhapatnam. It is actively associated with various community development activities in the villages around the company. Divis contributed to the following community development programs either on its own or through the voluntary/Government organizations. The major activities focussed by Divis are Drinking Water; Education to poor and needy children by providing Merit Scholarships; Supply of free note books in primary, upper primary and high schools; Provision of additional teachers in schools; Veterinary camps for cattle and sheep; Eye camps and cataract operations for under privileged villagers; Free dental camps; Health check-up for School children; Pulse polio immunization and family planning operations; Desilting of canals/irrigation tanks and construction of check-dams and farmer training programmes; Contribution to women welfare programmes.

2. Vizag Steel Plant (Rashtriya Ispat Nigam):

Vizag Steel is the first shore based integrated steel plant in the country and is known for its quality products and customer delight. The major contributions of Steel Plant under CSR activities are providing water to tribal population through Jaladhara; Providing Infrastructe to Government Hospitals; Provided a Ambulance vehicle to Visakha Eye Hospital; Conducted mental health awareness camps, eye camps and cataract operations; Adult Education Prograames; Free education to the school children; Supported to promote the education for disabled children; Group II coaching for ST students; Providing infrastructure to the Government schools; Plantation and clean visakha campaign; Vocational Training Programme; Construction of community halls; Sprots for special children; Dumping boxes provided to the GVMC; Swachh Gram Puraskhar; Awareness on cashless transactions

3. Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Company Ltd. (Visakha Dairy):

Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Company Ltd (Visakha Dairy) was established in the year 1973 under Co-operative Societies Act and commissioned dairy plant at Akkireddipalem, Visakhapatnam with 50,000 LPD handling capacity in the year 1977. The major welfare activities doing by Vijaya- Visakha Dairy is providing cattles to formers and taking care about the cattels and farmer's families; Established Hospotial to provide Medical Health to farmers and their families; Krishi Trust Hospital is one of the well equipped 400 beds modern multi- speciality hospitals; Trust provides the residential educational facility for visakha dairy milk producers and employees’ childrens and general public also. It provides free education to orphans recommended by the local village heads as well as to children below poverty line. Provided drinking water to rural poor by digging Bore Wells in villages and arranging water channels for farmers by digging old and new reservoirs, and also constructed bridges on rivers, where crossing rivers were impossible for rural people in rainy season. Major task of the Trust is identifying, training, providing employment to weaker sections who are not having any support from the society. Trust provided employment directly and indirectly to more than 1000 people.

4. HPCL:

HPCL is established 40 years ago As a responsible Corporate Citizen, HPCL has taken up Education, Health Care, Child care, Livelihood and Community Development as the themes of CSR to make a difference to the under privileged. Under CSR, HPCL has undertaken projects under 5 different themes, They are: Child Care; Child Rights; Care of Slum Children; Rescue of Children in Destress; Computer Awareness; Girl Child Welfare; Children with Special Needs; Mid-Day Meals for Government School; Medical Facilities at Rehabilitation centres; Awareness on HIV among truck drivers; Medical Care in Rural Areas; Skill Development; Employment promotion for Rural Youth; Rain Water Harwesting; Solar Lighting; Community Kitchen Garder

5. Hindusthan Shipyard Ltd:

Hindustan Shipyard Ltd. is located in Visakhapatnam. It is the nation’s premier shipbuilding organization catering to the needs of shipbuilding, ship repairs, and submarine construction and refits the structures. The annual turnover of the shipyard is Rs. 625 crore for the year of 2017. The major CSR initiatives of shipyard are Swachh Bharat Campaign; Blood donation Camp: Free medical camp: Participation in International coastal cleanup day: Established seven educational institutions. Provided a spacious area with amenities, which gives a platform to small farmers, fishermen, traders to market their products besides making available fresh market produce and essentials at economical price for employees and residents and neighbouring: Ambedkar Jayanthi Celebrations: Republic Day Celebrations; Tree Plantations: Established a family park at staff quarters: Medical camps

6. Visakha Port Trust:

Port of Visakhapatnam is one of the 13 major ports of India. It is located in Visakhapatnam east coast, midway between Kolkata and Chennai. It produces around 2 million tonnes was realised by attracting new customers to utilise the port during the 2016-17 fiscal. The major areas focussed under CSR is Free Note Books and School Bags; Food distribution vehicle; Established Bharateeya Vidya Bhavan; Supported to Indian Red Cross Society; Supported HIV, Hep-B, HCV test equipment to Red Cross Hospitals; Organised Medical Camps; Donated Dr YVSR Auditorium, VSKP, Rs.20,00,000; Donated to D.SARADA TRUST for providing School Building Block consisting of 7 rooms for the benefit of public at Araku; Donated to PREMASAMAJAM, VISAKHAPATNAM, Rs.20,00,000 for solar power plant one unit; Donated Victoria General Hospital, for purchasing of medical equipment for the benefit of public( November 2014 )

7. Coromondal International Ltd.:

Coromandel International Limited, India’s second largest Phosphatic fertilizer player, is in the business segments of Fertilizers, Specialty Nutrients, Crop Protection and Retail. The major activities under CSR are Educating Young Minds; Scholorships for girs education; Sprots promotion; Touching Lives Through the Medical Centre; Building Lavatories - Addressing Sanitation Needs; Inspiring Healthy Lifestyles Through Medical Camps; Restoring Confidence in Children with Hearing Impairment; Teatment for diabeties; Medical camps; Children with Hearing Impairment; Livelihood and skill development programme; Support during the natural calamities; Research and Development

8. Aurabindo Pharmaceuticals:

It is one of the largest companies in India. The major CSR activities of the company is Disaster Relief Activity; Promoting Education; Promoting Healthcare; Promotion of Road Safety; Safety Drinking Water Activity; Promoting Health and Sanitation; Environmental Sustainability

9. NTPC Initiatives:

National Thermal Power Corporation Limited is an Indian Public Sector Undertaking, affianced in the business of produceing electricity and allied activities. Revenue for the year 2016-17 is 79,342 The major CSR areas of NTPC is Supporting 500 schools, 26 ITIs, 3 Polytechnics and 3 Engineering Colleges around NTPC locations; Construction/ Repair of class rooms, toilets, boundary walls, kitchen sheds in schools Scholarships, awards, solar lanterns, school bags, uniforms, books and stationeries etc. Skill upgradation programs for women (tailoring, beautician course, embroidery etc), Distribution of Sewing Machines to promote self-employment; Programs for village youth like welding, electrician, motor winding, motor driving, IT related training etc; All regular employees, trainees and apprentices and their family members are fully covered under the medical policy of NTPC; Full-fledged company hospitals have been established in the projects township; Regular health checkups of the students are organized in the neighboring villages. Spreading the social concern to the surrounding areas, the National Program enforced by the Family Planning camps, Blood donation camps, immunization schedules, Eye camps, Heart disease prevention camps, cancer detection camps, school medical checkups etc. are organized for non-entitled people at the project hospitals at places where the Govt. Primary Health Care is sadly inadequate. Safe Drinking Water System More than 27 villages were benefited with Safe Drinking Water System at Simhadri plant.

8. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd (HSBC):

HSBC is a Mutlinational banking and financial services holding company, tracing its origin to a hong in Hong Kong. It is the world’s 7^th largest bank by total assessts and the largest in Europe. The bank's community investments (CI) are focused on two core themes:

1. Promoting Education

2. Environmental Sustainability

In the education sector they are doing the Disadvantaged young people particularly at primary and secondary education levels; Employment-enhancing vocational skills; Livelihoods; enhancement projects; empowering women; Language and cultural understanding. In the Environmental Sustainability our focus is particularly on: Fresh water sustainability; Access to safe water; Water and sanitation; Climate change; Conservation of terrestrial biodiversity and habitats (e.g. forests, ecological balance, protection of flora and fauna)

DISCUSSION:

Table -4 Types of services doing by the companies in Visakhapatnam

	Name of the Company	Major Services
1	Divis Laboratory Social Responsibilities	Drinking Water; Education to poor and needy children, Veterinary camps for cattle and sheep; Eye camps and cataract operations; Health check-up; Desilting of canals/irrigation tanks and construction of check-dams and farmer training programmes;
2	Steel Plant	Water to tribal population through Jaladhara; Providing Infrastructe to Government Hospitals; Conducted mental health awareness camps, Adult Education Prograames; Plantation and clean visakha campaign; Vocational Training Programme; Construction of community halls; Dumping boxes provided to the GVMC; Swachh Gram Puraskhar; Awareness on cashless transactions
3	Visakha Dairy	Providing cattles to formers; Established Hospotial; educational facility. Provided drinking water to rural poor, digging old and new reservoirs, constructed bridges on rivers, providing employment to weaker sections
4	HPCL	Education, Health Care, Child care, Livelihood and Community Development, Medical Facilities at Rehabilitation centres; Awareness on HIV among truck drivers; Rain Water Harwesting; Solar Lighting;
5	Hindusthan Shipyard Ltd	Swachh Bharat Campaign; Blood donation Camp: Free medical camp: Participation in International coastal cleanup day: Established seven educational institutions, agricultural sector, Ambedkar Jayanthi Celebrations: Republic Day Celebrations; Tree Plantations: Established a family park at staff quarters: Medical camps
6	Visakha Port Trust	Education, Food distribution vehicle; donations to NGOs, Organised Medical Camps;
7	Coromandel International Limited	Education; Sprots promotion; Sanitation, Health Teatment for diabeties; Medical camps, Livelihoods; natural calamities;
8	Aurabindo Pharmaceuticals	Disaster Relief Activity; Education; Healthcare; Road Safety; Safety Drinking Water; Environmental Sustainability
9	NTPC	Education, livelihoods, medical health, awareness programmes on different burning issues and safe dring water to surrounding villages
10	HSBC	Promoting Education Environmental Sustainability

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:

The present study reflected that social responsibility is as an important business issue of corporate bodies irrespective of size, sector, business goal, location.

1. It is found in the above table, among the 10 companies of Visakhapatnam, are working in the areas of eudcation, drinking water, skill development and health, providing infrastructe to Government hospitals; environment, children issues, medical camps, donations to NGOs and disaster relief activity.

2. It is found that 60 per cent of the above companies are having the CSR policy and implementing their activities in systamatic way. It is found that 40 per cent of the companies implementing their activities without a CSR policy.

3. Some of the Companies promoting and implement CSR initiatives through their own foundation (70%) or in partnership with NGOs, but do not have full-fledged CSR department. It is a reflection that the CSR interventions are still not in the list of priority work by the companies.

4. The CSR initiatives for rural development have a positive impact in overall development of society and their business. Hence these initiatives need to scale-up for the larger benefit of the community as well as for the commercial companies.

5. It is observed that the companies are doing the same traditional activities from many years. Now it is the time to take over the new initiatives like upliftment of Dalits, Need more sustainable approach in service activities. Required need based interventions for the upliftment of the people who are in the problems.

6. The previous studies reported that many companies are spending less than 2 % under CSR activities. It is the time for companies to increase their services for the upliftment of the poor and dalits. The percentage for spending under CSR should be increased.

7. The findings can assists the policy makers to ensure that the Indian companies increased their Corporate Social Responsibility expenditure and can be more transparent in disclosure of the Business Responsibility report along with the Annual Report.

8. It is observed that the companies feels that ‘ all the sections in the company do the hard work to earn money but the CSR section is makes expenditure for the welfare of People”. But companies should feel responsible because they are utilizing the land, water and environment at free of cost.

SUGESTIONS:

1. Company shall promote the research activities under CSR funds

2. The CSR activities should not be a target mode and onetime activities but it should have a sustainability plan and exit strategy.

3. Companies should increase the money expenditure under CSR activities and maintain the transference in their CSR activities

4. Companies provide good safety conditions to the employees working in companies to prevent the accidents and deaths

5. Companies adopt sustainable development goals (17 goals and 169 targets) under CSR for the welfare and development of society.

6. Companies Should support the NGOs or otherwise the NGOs are not getting the proffer funding in Andhra Pradesh

7. Every Company recruits the Social Work Students to implement the CSR Activities. The social workers trained in different methods to uplift the excluded people

CONCLUSION:

The new companies’ registration act 2013 has created alarm among the companies who are getting more profits. It is an opportunity to the companies to give back to the society. This study observed that the companies are doing the traditional activities from many years. It should be changed with the need based interventions. The companies work for the upliftment of poor, dalits and women. It helps them to come out from their problems. The companies recruits the professional social workers, they help the companies and communities to reduce the social problems and increases the development.

REFERENCES:

1. Dr Ashok Kumar Rath (2016) A Critical Study on Corporate Social Responsibility Activities of Public Sector Undertakings in India and its financial implications, IOSR Journal of Business and Management, Bhubaneswar, Volume 18, Issue 10. PP 31-37

2. Bombay Stock Exchange, Government of India (2017) State wise spent details: CSR annual Report, https://www.bseindia.com/static/about/csr.aspx

3. Lok Yiu Chan (2014), Corporate Social Responsibility of Multinational Corporations, Global Honour Thesis, University of Washington – Tacoma, PP. 7-8

4. Jayalakshmi (2013) Corporate Social Responsibility: Not a charity but Responsibility, http://jsa-cs.com/image/CORPORATE-SOCIAL-RESPONSIBILITY-NOT-A-CHARITY-BUT-A-RESPONSIBILITY.pdf

5. Dr. Bhupesh Lohar and Sanjay Jain (2015) Study of Corporate Social Responsibility Expenditures of the Indian Companies (With Special Reference to Companies Act 2013) in Gujarath, Social Vision Journal, Visakhapatnam

6. Dr. Arobindo Mahato (2016) Corporate social responsibility towards Rural Development by the Commercial Banks, Social Vision Journal, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

WEBSITES:

1. http://www.divislabs.com/inside/socialresp.asp

2. https://www.vizagsteel.com/csr/activities.asp

3. http://www.visakhadairy.com/csr.asp

4. http://www.hindustanpetroleum.com/csrprojects

5. http://www.hslvizag.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/AboutUs/CSR/2016_05_10_CSR.pdf

6. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:vf_IDCbnv5QJ:www.vizagport.com/CSRProjects.aspx+andcd=1andhl=enandct=clnkandgl=in

7. http://www.coromandel.biz/csr.html

8. http://www.aurobindo.com/social-responsibility/csr-activities

9. http://indiacsr.in/ntpc-limited-spends-rs-277-cr-on-csr-and-sustainable-development-in-fy-2016-17/

10. http://www.about.hsbc.co.in/hsbc-in-india/community/corporate-social-responsibility-policy

Received on 03.06.2018 Modified on 20.06.2018

Int. J. Rev. and Res. Social Sci. 2018; 6(4): 405-411 .

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2687.2018.00034.5